Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Symbols: The concept of a symbol has, in a broader sense, the same meaning as the concept of a sign. The special use of the concept in different authors differs in some respects fundamentally, for example, with regard to which role conventions play in the formation of symbols and whether symbols form a system. See also signs, icons, conventions, meaning, reference, picture theory, representation, substitution, code._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Newell, A./Simon, H. on Symbols - Dictionary of Arguments
Münch III 57 Symbol/Newell/Simon: a symbol is based on intelligent action. Symbols and only symbols are arbitrary. >Arbitrariness, >Meaning, >Signs, >Interpretation. Symbol/McCulloch: what is a symbol that intelligence can use and what is intelligence so that it can use a symbol? >McCulloch, >Intelligence. Münch III 61 Symbol/Newell/Simon: The thesis that a physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means for general intelligent actions. (Sufficient: means any system of sufficient size). >Systems. This makes a statement about the architecture and the nature of intelligent systems. Münch III 72 Newell/Simon: Thesis: Symbol systems solve problems by using the methods of heuristic search. The solutions are represented in symbol systems. Search process: is a step by step change of symbol structures. >Problem solving. Allen Newell/Herbert Simon, “Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search“ Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 19 (1976), 113-126_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Mü III D. Münch (Hrsg.) Kognitionswissenschaft Frankfurt 1992 |
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> Counter arguments against Newell, A./Simon, H.
> Counter arguments in relation to Symbols
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-28